9/4/2023 0 Comments Pilgrims and wampanoagThe Wampanoag kept their distance through the winter. "Some of the best things we took away with us,” he wrote.Ī grave in the Royal Wampanoag Cemetery, Lakeville, Massachusetts ![]() “In the houses, we found wooden bowls, trays and dishes, earthen pots, handbaskets made of crab shells,” Winslow wrote in “Mourt's Relation,” a history of the Pilgrims’ exploration and settlement. Mayflower passenger Edward Winslow would later admit to the deed. The Nauset tribe of Cape Cod would have alerted the Wampanoag to the Mayflower’s arrival at the tip of Cape Code just weeks before, likely complaining about how the Englishmen had plundered Nauset food and supplies and disturbed graves. They were part of a greater landscape of tribes - among them the Pequot, Mohegan, Narragansett and Nipmuc - with whom they traded and shared information. In 1620, that leader was Ousamiquin, a Pokanoket Wampanoag, based near present-day Bristol, Rhode Island. ![]() Collectively, these sachems answered and paid tribute to the Wampanoag Massasoit, a title meaning paramount leader. But they were reading everything in a Christian context,” he said.Įach Wampanoag tribe had a sachem or leader. The Pilgrims were interpreting what they observed and what they were being told. “Not all of our words have correlations in English. Mashpee Wampanoag Phillip Wynne pours water to control fire and temperatures while making a boat, from a tree at the Wampanoag Homesite at Plimoth Plantation, in Plymouth, Mass. Today, much of what is known about them comes from Pilgrim records and accounts, but Weeden cautions against relying on those too heavily. Like most Native peoples, the Wampanoag had no written language they passed down their history orally. Historians and epidemiologists estimate that coastal tribes lost anywhere from 50% to 90% of their populations.Īt the beginning of the 17th century, Weeden said, nearly 70 Wampanoag villages dotted southeastern New England, with a combined population of about 12,000 citizens. He was referring to an as-yet-unidentified epidemic that ravaged what is now known as New England from 1616 to 1619. “Sometimes they took Natives as hostages or slaves,” Weeden told VOA. “Sometimes Europeans would engage in battle with the Natives,” said David Weeden, historic preservation officer for the Mashpee Wampanoag Nation, which, along with the Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah), are the only federally recognized tribes in the state of Massachusetts today. Not all these Europeans had good intentions. France had established a colony in Maine in 1604, and the English and Dutch had been trading with Indians along the New England coast for decades. This wasn’t their first encounter with Europeans: Spain had explored and mapped New England a century earlier. The Natives watched the newcomers from a cautious distance. It would be many weeks before the Pilgrims met any Wampanoag face to face. Watch this video next: Building a wigwam, a time lapse.Painting of the 1620 landing of the Pilgrims by Michele Felice Cornè - circa 1805 This NBC News Learn video, in partnership with NBC 10 Boston, compares and contrasts the roles, responsibilities, and community powers of Wampanoag and Pilgrim women during the 17th century.Īlso spotted in the video above: A dome made from tree saplings, grasses, bark, buckskin, cloth. Yet everyone within their tribes needed to know how to do these activities. Women were responsible for up to 75 percent of all food production in Wampanoag societies. Wampanoag men were mainly responsible for hunting and fishing, while women took care of farming and gathering wild fruits, nuts, berries, and shellfish. Women played an active role in many of the stages of food production, so they had important socio-political, economic, and spiritual roles in their communities. The production of food among the Wampanoag was similar to that of many American Indian societies, and food habits were divided along gender lines. Women passed plots of land to their female descendants, regardless of their marital status. Men acted in most of the political roles for relations with other bands and tribes, as well as warfare. Women elders could approve selection of chiefs or sachems. ![]() They were also matrifocal when a young couple married, they lived with the woman’s family. Wampanoag women lived in matrilineal societies, “in which women controlled property, and hereditary status was passed through the maternal line.” From Wikipedia: The lives of women in Wampanoag tribes were very different from those of Pilgrim women in that era. When the Mayflower landed in November of 1620 at what’s now known as now Provincetown Harbor, Cape Cod, it arrived on the land belonging to the Wampanoag Nation.
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9/4/2023 0 Comments Kevin you want mymoney![]() I'm really excited to have you on the podcast. Rob Collie (01:24): As usual, you're joined by myself and Tom, or Thomas LaRock, depending upon, whether you use the professional version or not. Rob Collie (01:22): How are you doing, Kevin? Raw Data by P3 is data with the human element. Find out what the experts at P3 can do for your business. Let's get after it.Īnnouncer (00:58): Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please?Īnnouncer (00:59): This is the Raw Data by P3 Podcast with your host, Rob Collie and your co-host, Thomas LaRock. He is really up to his eyeballs in the entire Microsoft stack, especially in the Power Platform, and he is a really entertaining conversation, and I hope you enjoy it. ![]() Rob Collie (00:37): We crossed paths a long time ago when he came to one of our Power BI classes, one that I taught in Cleveland, but he's not a one trick pony. He works at Eli Lilly, and he provides a tremendous amount of essentially like anything glue, to make everything run. But for the past six years, Kevin has been a Power BI and Power Platform professional. Well, Kevin Overstreet, I call him the man of a thousand jobs because he has had almost every job you can imagine from horse trainer, to analytical chemists, to dynamiting mining, making roads construction guy, and all points in between. Now, Lon Chaney was known as the man of a thousand faces. Today, we welcome Kevin Overstreet to the show. Rob Collie (00:00): Hello, again, data people. 48:36 – The story of how Kevin met Rob reveals a valuable character trait.39:45 – Whose problem is it-The Business side or the IT side?.36:30 – Dataflows and how to keep data secure.30:13 – Does solving a problem have to be complex? Kevin discusses a great work mindset to overcome certain obstacles.24:00 – Rob launches one of his World Famous Monologues, this time it’s about new branding for BI.19:11 – The Wild West that is SharePoint.9:17 – Data challenges at Eli Lily and how they’ve overcome them using the right tools. ![]()
Check out our guide to the best external hard drive for Mac for the best backup solutions for Macs. If you have a lot of family tree data stored on your Mac, always back it up to an external or online source in case your Mac crashes or dies. A common reason for this is that the developer does not own the rights to the information so a good tip is to download documents such as probate records and wills because when they’re gone from the online database, it’s very difficult to get them back. Be warned however that occasionally you may find that some family records suddenly disappear from these online databases. They also provide rich information such as major events in your ancestors lives, the percentage of your blood origins from different countries, migration reports etc. Some Mac genealogy apps automatically link to these online services in order to complete your family tree quickly and accurately.These databases are invaluable in saving time searching through family records or printed archives of your family history. The LDS Church are more commonly known as Mormons and the reason they maintain such detailed records is because genealogical research is extremely important to Mormons in maintaining their faith and blood lines. FamilySearch is the largest genealogy database in the world and is owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints but is completely free to use. is extremely powerful and has access to over 20 billion historical records, although it has more data for European users than those in the USA. There are now powerful online ancestry databases such as MyHeritage DNA, FamilySearch and Heredis which can help build your family tree far quicker than having to research things yourself. Genealogy research is increasingly moving online making it much easier for relatives to find each other and research their past.It’s best to check with the vendor about this if you’re not sure.īefore choosing which app is best for you, there are some important things to be aware of to choose the best genealogy software for your needs. If you have been using a Windows based family tree program and would like to continue using it on your Mac, you can also run Windows on your Mac although we recommend checking out the options in these reviews first.Īll of the programs featured here work on the latest versions of macOS including Mojave, Catalina and Big Sur unless stated otherwise.īe careful however with macOS Catalina, Big Sur and Monterey as the latest versions of macOS only support 64-bit applications and many family tree programs only work on 32-bit Macs. Nowadays anyone can dig deeper into their genetic roots than ever before thanks to amazing tools like MyHeritage which can trace back your family DNA for generations. Here we look at the best family tree software for Mac in 2023 to trace your roots.Īlthough the majority of family tree programs out there are still Windows based, there are now some very good free and paid genealogy software for Mac now available.įamily Tree apps differ from Genogram software which are used more by social workers and psychologists to trace family issue rather than hereditary lines. ![]() Tracing your family tree can be a fascinating and sometimes life changing experience. ![]() Collaborate outside of code Explore All features. dupeGuru PE is efficient, thanks to its quick fuzzy matching algorithm. With Direct Folders you can improve the way you work with Windows File Explorer in several ways: quick access for folders, larger file dialogs and customizable places bars.Īdded: Changing 'Load at Windows startup' option without admin rights.Fixed: Auto set view modes under Windows Vista/7.Fixed: Detecting currently open Explorer windows.Fixed: Showing path of current executable for 64bit apps.Added: Support for Total Commander 8.01rc4 ChangesĪdded: Changing 'Load at Windows startup' option without admin rights.Fixed: Auto set view modes under Windows Vista/7.Fixed: Detecting currently open Explorer windows.Fixed: Showing path of current executable for 64bit apps.Added: Support for Total Commander 8. Yet it falls a little short from the ideal of a really awesome tool for killing duplicate photos. dupeGuru Picture Edition is a tool to find duplicate pictures on your computer. In any case, this free version doesn't feel crippled at all and helps a lot when browsing your system's file structure. On the downside, the program still keeps some of its goodies for a pro version. Plus, this same menu enables you to take advantage of other Direct Folders functions, such as enlarging file dialogs to make them easier to use and customizing the folders that appear on the places bar along the left side of Windows open/save file dialogs. You can then choose to merge the text into one preferred document.The folder menu is easily customizable with your favorite folders in the program's settings menu. Winmerge lets you compare two versions of a document (or an entire directory) and then view the actual differences between them on screen. This is a seriously useful tool if you have a lot of documents or text files kicking around and need to pare them down. When you’re ready, just hit Scan and let the program do its magic, then decide what to keep once it’s done. You can filter the output to retain only information about one file if you wish, I dont think that makes a huge difference in performance (the slow part is scanning all files). All you get is a simple window with options to add folders for scanning. findimagedupes is the usual command-line program for that on Linux and other Unix platforms. dupeGuru Picture Edition can match pictures for finding duplicates. Pictures can be one of the top sources of duplicates for many people, especially as we migrate to new PCs, restore data from back-ups, and keep pictures in different cloud services like Dropbox, Google+, and OneDrive.ĭupeGuru PE is very easy to use. dupeGuru Picture Edition (dupeGuru PE.exe) - all versions. DupeGuru Picture Edition can be installed on 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10/11. The most popular versions of the tool 2.9, 2.8 and 2.7. The actual developer of the free program is Hardcoded Software. Once it’s done you can decide to delete your duplicates or move them to another location.Īs its name suggests, dupeGuru Picture Edition is all about finding doubles in your image folders. The programs installer files are generally known as dupeGuru PE.exe or dupeguru.exe etc. Extracting picture+movie collection from pc to. In fact it was so fast that for proper testing I used the whole root partition of. ![]() Unlike dupeGuru Picture Edition, dupeGuru Music Edition is a faster application. If you find yourself confused, start by adding some folders to scan under the Options tab then, go back to the DoubleKiller tab and click Run. DupeGuru also offers dedicated Picture Edition and Music Edition applications alongside the standard edition, and for the most comprehensive clean-up you should install and run all three. I wouldnt automate this step unless youre comfortable losing files, but Id use Czkawka or dupeGuru. dupeGuru Music Edition is a file utility that allows you to search and delete the duplicate audio files that you have on your hard drive. DoubleKiller has a lot of great features, but the interface may not be as straightforward as it could be. dupeGuru Picture Edition can match pictures for finding duplicates Download Review Comments Questions & Answers We do not have a download file for the latest version (2.10.1), but you can try downloading it from the developers site Download version 2.7.0 from Software Informer Scanned by 76 antivirus programs on Dec 17, 2022. 9/3/2023 0 Comments Dagger jump devil daggersThe catch is that you die in one hit from anything. As soon as you pick up the dagger, monsters of all kinds start spawning in the arena, and your goal is to survive for as long as possible against increasingly difficult waves of enemies. Initially, you can fire it in a constant stream of daggers, or in a single powerful shotgun blast that’s good for close range (good performance can lead to upgrades of these). In the middle is a single dagger which, when picked up, gives you the ability to fire projectiles from your fingers. In this game, you are an unknown person trapped on a suspended platform in the middle of an infinite dark void. ![]() The premise for the 2016 first person shooter Devil Daggers could hardly be simpler if it tried. Devil Daggers The premise is deceptively simple and oh-so terrifying. Each game presents a unique vision of what hell is, and have more in common than they initially seem. These two games are the harder-than-a-day-old-ciabatta roll Devil Daggers and the meme-ready Spooky’s Jumpscare Mansion. Today, though, I’m going to focus on a specific idea of hell by way of two indie games that on the surface couldn’t be more different. ![]() No one knows for sure what happens when we die, which is scary in and of itself, but the idea that living a bad life can lead to something even worse is existentially terrifying. The specifics are always different, but the idea of a place of eternal damnation and punishment for a lifetime of sin is an idea that humans have latched on to, and for good reason. ![]() Hell is an idea carried by most cultures around the world. We can’t always provide an exact replacement for a legacy product if we don’t have any more! But, we still honor our guarantee and will send an equivalent item as a replacement.Įxample: The Pro Tech Toolkit now has much better tweezers than it did in 2011. That means, from time to time, we upgrade or alter the items in our store. We’re always trying to sell better products. If it loses the ability to pry as precisely as it did the first time after hundreds of uses, we won’t. If it loses potency after dozens and dozens of cycles, we won’t.Īnother example: If one of the Plastic Opening Tools in your Pro Tech Toolkit breaks in half the first time you use it to pry a connector loose, we’ll replace it. Those consumables won’t get lifetime guarantee replacement, but the other tools and parts will be covered.Įxample: If your iPhone 5 battery replacement fails entirely after a couple months, we’ll replace it. Items like the Pro Tech Toolkit have consumable products that are covered under their own “As-is” guarantee. Product pages (and common sense) will tell you what items are designed to be consumed during use. Some products, like batteries, are designed to be consumed during use. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT POSSIBLE UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, IFIXIT WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR CONNECTED WITH THE USE OR MISUSE OF OUR PRODUCTS. iFixit is not liable for reimbursing third party costs as we facilitate customers to be able to do repairs themselves to save on labor. We may require you to return a product for analysis prior to issuance of a credit or replacement. Our policy is to honor guarantee claims within the guarantee period, unless the defect is caused by owner/user abuse or negligence or if the product was not used as intended. Please contact the manufacturer for any details. To claim a warranty replacement, you as the purchaser must contact the manufacturer directly.Ī “ Lifetime Manufacturer Warranty” may have different terms than iFixit’s Lifetime Guarantee. These warranties are backed by a specific product's manufacturer for a stated amount of time. If it is defective, let us know and we’ll make it right. ![]() This product is guaranteed to be as described on the product page on arrival.This product is guaranteed to function for one year.This iFixit product is guaranteed to function as long as you have it.Claims can be made by contacting iFixit Support. These are the various level of guarantee iFixit offers to cover products sold from. IFixit and Manufacturer Warranties cover parts and tools sold from - not. 9/3/2023 0 Comments Goodnotes 5 tips![]() There are tons of digital planners out on the market but I created my own because I am often up working at wee hours of the morning and I needed a planner to show a full, 24-hour schedule. Next, you’ll need to download a digital planner. ![]() There is a whole lot more – which is why I’ll be doing tutorials to get you started, so be sure to follow me on social media. Here are some of the features I find the coolest – you can turn messy handwriting into any font you want, you can search your planner for any words or text you’ve written over the year, choose which layers to erase from a page, scan and import paper notes or documents. And, GoodNotes was named Apple’s iPad App of the Year for 2022, which means it’s pretty dang good. This makes it perfect for getting started with a daily planner at no cost. GoodNotes is available in the App Store and is free for the first 3 notebooks you create. ![]() The first step in digital planning is to download a note taking app. They feel the most like an original paper daily planner – except you can erase any mistakes you make, move items around easily, copy and paste tasks you repeat each week or day and you can block off times in many different colors without picking up different pens and highlighters!ĭigital planning is awesome and here is your 5 Step Beginner’s Guide to Digital Planning. They allow you to create lists, set reminders, and capture notes with ease.ĭigital planners can be used on any device, but iPads seem to be the preferred method. If you are brand new to digital planning, here is a 5 step beginner’s guide to digital planning.ĭigital planners are a great way to organize your life and stay on top of important tasks. Get your FREE 1st Quarter 2023 Digital Planner! It is be possible to use OpenOCD or PEMicro too. ![]() I have V7.20 installed with the default settings: If not you can download the J-Link Software from The MCUXpresso IDE already comes with a J-Link installation, so very likely this already exists on your machine. To connect the GDB (debugger) to a target board, I need a debug probe. I have installed the Version gcc-arm-none-eabi-10-2020-q4-major-win32 with the default settings. The GNU toolchain for ARM is available on But Ninja is the one I’m using more and more because it is so fast :-). Install it where it is found by the system, I usually place it inside C:\Program Files\CMake\binįor legacy reasons I still use Make because this is what I grew up. The installer for Make is available from Both shall be present in the PATH so check if you have one already installed: ![]() I’m using both Make and Ninja with CMake. The easiest way is to install them from the command prompt inside the IDE: code -install-extension ms-vscode.cpptoolsĬode -install-extension rtex-debugĬode -install-extension dan-c-underwood.armĬode -install-extension zixuanwang.linkerscript Installing Extension from the Terminal inside VSCīelow my installed extensions (menu File > Preferences > Extensions): Installed C Cpp Extensions CMakeĬMake can be downloaded and installed from The first three are required, the other are optional but recommended. Linker Script highlighting, zixuanwang.linkerscript.ARM Assembly highlighting, dan-c-underwood.arm.To do embedded development for ARM Cortex-M, I recommend the following extensions: Or I can use in the IDE the menu View > Extensions. To install extensions (aka Plugins in Eclipse) I use the following command format: code -install-extension To install the IDE plugins, this can be done with the host shell command prompt or directly in the Terminal inside the IDE. In comparison to other fully integrated IDEs, I have to install other packages in addition to the IDE: IDE extensions, the build tools (compiler, linker, libraries), Cmake and support for the debugger. The Terminal and Console area is by default in the lower area but can be moved anywhere: Installing Extensions The IDE incorporates a terminal or console view, open a new one: The installer is available from and supports Windows, Mac and Linux: Visual Studio Code DownloadĪfter the installation, start the IDE: Visual Studio CodeĪt anytime I can update the IDE if there are updates available (I will get notifications too): Check for Updates So with this: If you don’t know Visual Studio Code, I invite you to a journey into a new world… Setupįor this article I used the version 1.55.2 of Visual Studio Code. I’m going to cover installation, first simple project, debugging it on the target, and finally extending it to a full SDK project and explore some of the advanced features. In this tutorial series I’m using the NXP K22FN512 ( FRDM-K22 board), but you should be able to use any other NXP Kinetis or LPC device if supported by the NXP MCUXpresso SDK. But with a bit of learning and I hope with the help of this article series you should get up and running. Getting started with Visual Studio Code and an embedded target can be difficult because there might be no dedicated support from the silicon vendors for it. It seems not so much used for embedded development, but this certainly might change over time. ![]() In essence, Visual Studio Code is a very slick, fast and modern IDE with many cool plugins and helpers. Don’t get confused with the Microsoft Visual Studio Code which is provided by Microsoft as freeware and Microsoft has published the source code under a MIT License, while it still contains some binaries built with a proprietary license. But with its age and maturity it is not the most advanced IDE any more compared to technologies Microsoft provides with the Visual Studio (Enterprise or Community) edition which I’m mostly using for C# development. Outlineĭon’t get me wrong: Eclipse is a very mature and great IDE. But I was wondering: could I use it for my ‘usual’ C/C++ development on ARM Cortex-M devices too? The answer is a clear ‘yes’, and this mini series of articles should get you up and running too. With learning Rust I have been using the Visual Studio Code IDE and it works great for Rust. I’m still learning, but I’m very impressed by the powerful and cool programming language, the vibrant ecosystem, the advanced concepts behind it and by the tools. ![]() For a few months I’m learning and using Rust. 9/3/2023 0 Comments Unity networkview camera![]() UGUI: Merged TextMesh Pro ( ) into uGUI ( ) and deprecate the TextMesh Pro package. Scene/Game View: Reverted a change to the style of Scene view mode dropdown button. Graphics: Changed: Rename ISRPGraphicsSettings to IRenderPipelineGraphicsSettings. Graphics: Added: Added IUnityGraphicsMetalV2 with a possibility to commit unity's command buffer, and to query the command queue. VFX Graph: Enabled VFX systems receiving GPU events to now enter sleep state.Īndroid: Deprecated: The keystorePass and keyaliasPass properties in PlayerSettings class have been deprecated, use the ones from PlayerSettings.Android class.Ĭore: Added: veloperConsoleEnabled toggles the IMGUI-based developer console in development builds. UI Toolkit: Added a Selector Specificity documentation link to the tooltip that appears when a user is creating a selector. Multiplayer: Added Netcode for GameObjects 1.4.0. HDRP: Improved the ray traced reflection denoiser. ![]() ![]() HDRP: Improved Directional Lights PCSS Shadows. Graphics: Enabled R8_UInt, R8_SInt, R16_UInt, R16_SInt Graphics Formats to now be used with AsyncReadback (only direct copy, no conversion). VFX Graph: Enabled the VFX Graph asset creation workflow to now go through a template window to visually select a relevant starting point.Įditor: Fixed unintended menu layout changes. Press ~ in the SceneView to access the Overlays menu. It's global to the SceneView and it is now possible work in the SceneView through the lens of a camera. Scene/Game View: A new Cameras Overlay replaces the former Camera preview. Profiler: Added a Highlights module to the Profiler Window. Package Manager: Added icons in the sidebar. Package Manager: Added contextual sign in buttons when users have imported assets from Asset Store packages. Graphics: Added mipmap stripping support for Texture2DArrays. New 2023.2.0a14 Entries since 2023.2.0a13 FeaturesĪudio: Added a VU meter to the audio random container.Įditor: Added UI Toolkit editor to the Camera component. Universal RP: Flickering orbs appear when using RenderTargetHandle UGUI: Fixed memory leak when textures get reparented from one scene to another Texture: Crash on Sprite::Transfer when building the project Project Browser: Project Browser shows package resources when package visibility is disabled Mono: Fixed crash when opening a scene with missing references Metal: Rendering freezes when the orientation is changed MacOS: Editor silently crashes when entering Play Mode on macOS MacOS: Crash on objc_msgSend when the Editor UI gets redrawn IL2CPP: Fixed possible GC corruption when using the job system on PS4/PS5 platforms. Graphics: Disable Vulkan DebugUtilsLabels for Linux AMD due to driver crash bug GI: Fixed a bug where moving the camera while in an scene visualization mode would cause light bakes to never finish. Audio: Audio random container shows subassets in the project folder when adding clips via drag & dropĪudio: Audio Random Container window clears when deselecting the Audio Random Container in the project viewĪudio: Dragging a audio clip from project view into the Audio Random Container AudioClips list, behaves incorrectly.Īudio: The Audio Random Container window sometimes loads an incorrect UI when entering playmodeĬore: Fixed leak in Job Debugger that would occur when using a NativeContainer's async Dispose(JobHandle) method.ĭirectX12: Editor freezes when saving prefab changes in Play Mode if “VSync” is enabledĮditor: Fix instabilities on DeleteMultipleAssetsįrameDebugger: Frame Debugger VRAM memory leak 9/3/2023 0 Comments Gravity lab hole 9![]() In the field of quantum gravity there are several open questions - e.g., it is not known how spin of elementary particles sources gravity, and thought experiments could provide a pathway to explore possible resolutions to these questions, even in the absence of lab experiments or physical observations. Thought experiment approaches have been suggested as a testing tool for quantum gravity theories. Therefore, physicists lack experimental data which could distinguish between the competing theories which have been proposed. One of the difficulties of formulating a quantum gravity theory is that direct observation of quantum gravitational effects is thought to only appear at length scales near the Planck scale, around 10 −35 meters, a scale far smaller, and hence only accessible with far higher energies, than those currently available in high energy particle accelerators. Others, such as loop quantum gravity, make no such attempt instead, they make an effort to quantize the gravitational field while it is kept separate from the other forces. Such a theory is often referred to as a theory of everything. However, many approaches to quantum gravity, such as string theory, try to develop a framework that describes all fundamental forces. This does not necessarily include unifying all fundamental interactions into a single mathematical framework. Īll of these approaches aim to describe the quantum behavior of the gravitational field. The field of quantum gravity is actively developing, and theorists are exploring a variety of approaches to the problem of quantum gravity, the most popular being M-theory and loop quantum gravity. ![]() ![]() On more formal grounds, one can argue that a classical system cannot consistently be coupled to a quantum one. Such a theory should allow the description to be extended closer to the center and might even allow an understanding of physics at the center of a black hole. To describe these quantum effects a theory of quantum gravity is needed. At distances very close to the center of the black hole (closer to the Planck length), quantum fluctuations of spacetime are expected to play an important role. This signals the breakdown of the general theory of relativity and the need for a theory that goes beyond general relativity into the quantum realm. However, that description is incomplete: describing the gravitational field of a black hole in the general theory of relativity leads physical quantities, such as the spacetime curvature, to diverge at the center of the black hole. The current understanding of the fourth force, gravity, is based on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, which is formulated within the entirely different framework of classical physics. Three of the four fundamental forces of physics are described within the framework of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. It deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, such as neutron stars. Quantum gravity ( QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics. Description of gravity using discrete values |
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